Proposal #1 Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

1 - Research intention ExampleNatural oils- linseed, tung, and fish were used as binders until the 1960s (Schuerman George and Bruzan Raymond 327). Currently, alkyd resins, vinyl and acrylic emulsions, epoxy resins and polyurethanes are the primary binders used in paints.Solvent chosen must be one in which the binder is soluble in and dries evenly. Most emulsion paints use water as the solvent era resin-based paints employ the use of mineral turpentine as the solvent.Pigments are finely divided, and insoluble powders dispersed in the paint that not only give paint its opacity and color, but also help to take to the paint together as well as protect the surface underneath from corrosion and weathering. inorganic and organic substances are used as pigments with the inorganic ones being cheaper but with fewer clear colors. The piffling solid particles of pigments ( 1m in diameter) enables them to refract light (light has wavelengths between 0.4m and

Cog Therapy & Gay & Lesbian Counseling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Cog Therapy & Gay & sapphic Counseling - Essay ExampleThis leads to development of feeling of worthlessness and hence, depression. This feeling of worthlessness and rejection is being go about by the gays and the lesbian population, as the society is yet to accept homosexuality as normal thing (Bringaze, Tammy and White 162). This has led to many homosexual people suffer from psychological infirmitys. Their psychological disorder is a result of both, the social attitude and their own negative perception of the self image. Hence, cognitive therapy, which aims to dismiss the problem from roots, is one of the best therapy to use while counseling gays and lesbians.According to Beck and Weishaar (1986), Cognitive therapy is a arranging of psychotherapy based on theory which maintains that how an individual structures his or her experiences largely determines how he or she feels and behaves (Freeman and Dattilio 3).Cognitive therapy is loosely based on the quality of the interactio n between the therapist and the patient. According to Beck and Weishaar (1986), it is a collaborative service of empirical investigation, reality testing, and problem solving between the therapist and patient. Cognitive therapy has proved to be super effective in treating problems related to mind as it not only tries to fix the problem on surface but works on the root cause of the problem by dealing with turned on(p) and behavioral disorders (Freeman and Dattilio 3). Cognitive therapy works effectively because it believes that the behavior pattern of a person depends on how he perceives the self and his relationship and adjustment with people and society around him.According to Horney (1950) and Adler (1936), the behavior pattern of a person

Discuss and analyse strategies used by UK primary school teachers to Essay

Discuss and analyse strategies used by UK essential inculcate teachers to develop the communication and literacy of primary age children - Essay ExampleThis project stresses that teachers have colossal sources of information regarding the disabilities of students and the suitable ways to teach the disable students. Teachers in UK frequently refer to such informative websites to enhance their knowledge and gauge their teaching in accordance with the individualistic and collective requirements of the students with special needs. This prove declares that considering the extent of cognitive development in the children of that age, children entering the primary school are expected to seize a lot of what is said, be able to convey their point clearly and effectively, discuss their sentiments with others and make their needs realized by others. Such a basic level of expertise in speech is important to the effective social, emotional and cognitive development of children. A young chil d commencing studies in the primary school undergoes a big transition in his life. The child has to make his/her own place in a new and tougher learning environment. numerous children have to struggle to adjust with the new community and socialize with others in the new environment. At 11 years old only a fifth of children with significant speech, address and communication needs reach the expected levels for their age in both English and Maths . Many children have to cope with a sense of dual or multiple identities depending upon their indigenous culture/cultures which they come after from and the culture of the UK in which they have to live.

Ethical issues-drop box-12 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethical issues-drop box-12 - Essay ExampleIf a prisoner who is a do drugs wrongdoer confessed that he still has been using drugs, there are different violations that must be noted and reported, as requisite (1) the kind of drugs being used and the frequency by which they are used (2) the manner by which the drug offender accessed the drugs (3) if the drugs are used to manage his mental illness, as presumed this must be validated with some other medical practitioners within the prison setting and (4) an impending escape plan must at all cost be duly reported to increase vigilance on his case but with divert interventions to be provided in the form of intensified counseling with other collaborative rehabilitation techniques, as needed.As stipulated in Ethical concerns in correctional psychology, the psychologists primary mission is to assist in offender rehabilitation and reintegrationTheir primary focus is their application of direct psychological services with stings, evaluatio n of the prison population, inmate management, and release evaluation and recommendations (Decaire, n.d., par. 2). According to deontological theory, people should adhere to their obligations and duties when analyzing an ethical dilemma. This means that a person allow for follow his or her obligations to another individual or society because upholding ones duty is what is considered ethically correct (Rainbow, 2002, par. 10). In this regard, as a prison psychologist, ones duty is to assist the drug offender to be rehabilitated and to be reintegrated in society in the future. One would therefore report his noted violations for the purpose of craft of corrective interventions, as needed. The drug offender must be comprehensively assessed in his mental message to perform tasks that are consistent with a rehabilitated individual to prepare him for reintegration to society in the future.Rainbow, C. (2002). Descriptions of

International Business - COACH Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Business - COACH - Essay ExampleThese embarrass validating and direct-to-consumer. In its ball-shaped operations, these segments trick be regarded as channels of distribution. Through direct-to-consumer segment facilitates develop with instant access to consumers, thus providing it with an opportunity to understand the tastes and preferences of its wide consumer bases especially in regions such as mainland China, Japan, Hong Kong, North America and Singapore among others. This segment facilitated Coach with around 89% of the entire net gross gross revenue in the year 2012. With regard to any future expansion schema in a new securities industry segment as tumefy, direct-to-consumer strategy can be fruitful for Coach. In terms of its indirect segment of operations, royalties obtained from licensing of products is a major component. Moreover, wholesale channel is a critical aspect which also includes sales by means of online websites. One of the major prospects for Coach can arrive from emerging markets as it has already started to grass its offerings through authorized retailers and distributors in a number of new markets. Shop-in-shops option wee-weed by the company can also facilitate the growth of the company in its ball-shaped melodic phrase operations. The companys e-commerce strategy is also a major beneficial aspect in its global operations. In nations such as Japan, Canada and the US, a large number of visitors prefer to use online mode to purchase the products of Coach. Coach rules the global market for its roomable handbags as well as attractive accessories. Coach focuses on merchandising and designing through team work and through having a close collaboration its licensed business partners to ensure spirit offerings. Coach uses new technologies such as social networking sites like Facebook as well as chirrup to create awareness and to enhance its customer base. Coach also ensures its compliance with its Global Business f air play Program which can enable it to maintain its legal and ethical responsibilities thus facilitating with significant opportunities in its business operations globally (EDGAR Online, Inc, 2013). B. Analyzing International Competitors Majority of organizations are changing their operating functions to global scale. This is likely to create a fiercely competitive global fashion retail industry. The competition against the operating firms in the global market can be analyzed by the intensity of the competition and by determining the development competition between the fashion brands globally. Coach has significant number of major competitors in the luxury fashion products industry. Coach competes in global market with Gucci, Louis Vuitton, Prada and Hermes. The competition in the fashion industry is densely intense, for having in truth less market-entry barriers. One of the worlds reputed fashionable luxury manufacturing product companies is Louis Vuitton. As of the year 2008, Lou is Vuitton had a brand value of about 16.718 billion. One of the most competitive advantages of Hermes International S.A. is that it provides its consumer hand-made products, which ensures their uniqueness as well as quality. Gucci, an Italian luxury product designer brand, is a leading name in the global market, consequently having revenue of around 4.2 billion as of 2008 (Dickinson State University, 2011). Thus, it can be ascertained

Digital camera Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Digital camera - Research Paper ExampleThey all deal in difference sizes, frolics and of course with price variations from two figures to four figures. It therefore becomes all the to a greater extent demand that we must go for a camera most suitable for our requirements. Some of the key features in advanced(a) day digital camera arei. Resolution i.e. a key determinant of stamp quality. This indicates the physical body of pixels or plan elements that can be packed inside the picture. More the pixels clearer will be the picture, because that implies the picture can have more details in it. Now a days, we talk of megapixels i.e. million pixels. The design of megapixels also limits the size of the print that we can take from the picture. And if we try to enlarge the picture further, it becomes blurred or broken into squares. Some of the standard sizes for print areii. Types of Lens The crystalline lens is another very chief(prenominal) feature of the camera. In fact the lens h appens to be the first thing that will create the picture. The lens could be made up of plastic or glass. The clarity of glass lens is much more than their plastic counterparts. Normally Carl Zeiss offers good quality glass lenses. But the cost of glass lenses becomes more. Another distinguishing feature for the lens is the zooming facility. A zoom lens we can take clearer pictures of distant objects. The zoom lens allows us to magnify or shrink the subject to include more area in the picture. The zoom comes in the form of 2X, 3X, 4X etc. As the zoom range goes up so does the price of the camera. In increment the digital camera comes with digital zoom as well, which is helpful for cropping up the picture.iii. Shutter Speed We wishing to be more careful about this future while purchasing manual cameras, because the shutter rush determines the duration of the exposure time. The slower the shutter speed, the more will be the exposure. In this case the picture will be able to record more depth of the picture. But, if during the exposure time theres some shake

The Rise of the Soloist documentary from MyMusicLab Term Paper

The Rise of the Soloist documentary from MyMusicLab - Term Paper Example rarely in popular medicine does one see a group performing without highlighting the take a leak of one performer. Most often, the vocalist drives the symphony, expressing himself through the lyrics and the sound. As well, one can see the break aside of the drum, guitar, or bass soloist as they create an interlude between the verses.If one thinks about it, most music is now created from the advent of this rise in popularity of solo performers. The many pieces from the period reflect this shift, but the elbow room in which most music is created in modern popularity has the soloist focus so that the emotional content is given over to the hearing through focus on one person. The instrumental background becomes secondary to the focus that the audience puts on the work of the soloist. After all, when Elvis hit the stage, who was cheering for the band?In many ways, this shift in focus could signify the single mo st significant change that influenced modern music. Creating expressive music through the use of the point of view of one individual is the core of the modern sound. While a soloist was not new, the idea of a freely emotional expression from a single person did have the appearance _or_ semblance to form during this time. Period. The use of the voice, or any other instrument, as a focal point that tack together the tone, mood, and tempo, slowing and speeding up as his or her interpretation allowed has allowed the audience to go on the pilgrimage that the soloist creates. This journey is a far more personal event with the freedoms that were discovered in the Baroque

Humanities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Humanities - Essay ExampleAs the paper outlines arts played a major role especially in the urban society leading to a progressive and dynamic growth. With growth, intellect innovations and spiritual tensions in the Church there emerged new and creative styles in computer architecture, visual arts, literature and music. The deuce-ace relationships of art during the Middle Ages that I would like to discuss with my students would be on architecture, literature and music. On the architectural front, an artistic renaissance emerged and was supported by both religious and secular patrons. Islamic and Byzantine civilizations created an restore resulting in Romanesque architecture that involved magnificent cathedrals with round archways and intricate stone carvings. Following this was the Gothic architecture with its flying buttresses and vaulted ribs such as used in the Notre Dame in Paris. Secondly, Literacy flourished during the Middle Ages. Latin was the dominant language in which ma ny books were written but were also translated into other languages such as English, German and French. Lyrical poetry played an important role by celebrating the love between knights and ladies in the court. Epic tales of chivalry, love and heroism were exemplified in wonderful literary works such as Beowulf, Sir Gawain and the spirt Knight and Canterbury Tales. Enlightening literature on Religion on the biographies of saints and their miracles were beautifully drawn and painted on handwritten manuscripts in gold and other brilliant colors. Thirdly, during the Middle Ages, music was considered to be an integral soften of their lives and as it evolved, it increased in compoundity with the monophonic Gregorian chant and interesting ballads that involved the complex weaving together of polyphonic musical lines.

Louisiana Historical Sites Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Louisiana diachronic commits - Article ExampleAdded to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, the Centenary State Historic Site holds some of the buildings of the College of Louisiana, which opened in 1826 at Jackson. Though it was not a successful college, with only 24 men graduating from it, however, during the Civil War the buildings of the college were used by both factions. The Union soldiers used it as their land headquarters, whereas the Confederate troops used it as a hospital. This localize is historically significant because it gives a glimpse into education in the 19th century, as well as the early history of Jackson and its foundation, and, finally, into the medication practiced during the Civil War.Established as a military let onpost, Fort Jesup, or Cantonment Jesup as it was originally called, operated from 1822 to 1846. The Fort was placed at the Neutral Strip, which was created because of a dispute between Spain and the United States arising out of t he Louisiana Purchase the land in contention was proclaimed a Neutral Strip with no interference or presence of the armed forces of either country. However, Texas was won over by the United States, the fortress was rendered unnecessary. Even though only a kitchen remains of the original structure, however, the reconstructed site renders insight into what bearing was like at the outposts. As the soldiers there were involved with the American settlers, the visitors can also learn ofttimes about how the lands were surveyed, roads built and treaties negotiated during those days.The Locust Grove State Historic Site consists of a necropolis which was owned by the sister of Jefferson Davis, Anna E. Davis Smith, and her family. Some semi-famous people from history are buried here. The daughter of general Zachary Taylor, who was the first commander of Fort Jesup, is also buried here, as is General Eleazer Wheelock Ripley who served in the war of 1812. The visitors to the site can learn a bout the cemeteries of 19th

Role of the Advanced Practice Nurse Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Role of the Advanced Pr representice Nurse - Assignment Example, DeCristofaro, & Smith (2004), NPs purpose a clinical purpose-making worksheet a tool that eases organization of information, which reinforces documentation and communication as well as a design that can increase clinical problem solving (p. 535). On the other hand, an RN always communicates through their nursing forms.In regard to documentation and reporting, the NP is expected to recognize and nutrition a medical diagnosis while an RN is restricted by nurse practice act definitions. Moreover, an NP writes documentation that is constant with reimbursement codes, while an RN holds on to the values of addressing the individual from a holistic point of view (Spain et al., 2004).RNs are educated to share information in a stylized pen that consist redundant or superfluous data. An excellent example is where the nurse receives a patient and records legitimate patient awake and alert where no observation is required in re gards to the individual neurological office and may implant the major complication in slang. The RN has a scientific education ground that helps them in recognizing patients emotional needs (Claywell, 2013). The fulfillment of this profession depends on the possession of practical knowledge such(prenominal) as current treatment measures, the science of diseases and physiology. The NP on the other hand, is in a prospect to employ critical thinking expertise to develop hypothesis, ranking them by expectation and making decision on what more information is required, therapeutic intervention plan and formulating a final impression. The NP as well as possesses the nine core competencies regardless of the setting (Thomas et. Al.,

Econ 1500 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Econ 1500 - Assignment ExampleIt originated from the classical economists, but later adopted by innovational Marxist frugals, i.e. Karl Marx. Value exists in three different concepts i.e. utility, use foster, and exchange comfort. In classical economists viewpoint, labor input determines the value of a good or service. On the other hand, marginalists conceptualize that a buyer of a good determines its utility, and this fluctuates with consumption patterns. Therefore, the major transition involves labor as the foot of valuation of a product to utility as the form of valuation of a product (Hartwick and Peet 1).Which economists/philosophers derived stinting information and theories on utility, the equi-marginal principle, and opportunity cost principles in economics that we use in todays economic analysis? Identify the concepts and economists, and then briefly explain these three economic principles.Paul Samuelson derived the theory of utility. The concept of utility describes t he tastes and preferences associated with consumers consumption patterns. This comes from the dual side analysis of value and price i.e. demand and supply sides. Herbert Simon invented the concept of opportunity cost. This is the cost of an activity measured against the foregone value of the next best alternative, i.e. the sacrifice in relation to the next best choice taken among reciprocally exclusive choices. The principle of equi-marginal utility was the brainchild of Hermann Heinrich Gossen. This concept is an extension of diminishing marginal utility constabulary as it explains how a consumer behaves while distributing his or her limited income between various services and goods. This law dictates that a consumer will allocate his money income among several goods in order to derive maximum

A Change Management Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

A Change Management Issue - Essay ExampleUnfortunately, non always is diversity easy to implement, nor is it always effective, productive, and relevant. With some organizations having spent years in the market, diversity is something unsanded and even unusual. Such organizations spent years to develop and establish their traffic traditions the traditions they believe have direct them to their current position and the superstars they are not always willing to alter. However, the conditions of doing business change continuously, and the postmodern business reality imposes new diversity demands on organizations and businessmen. For many of them, to become more various(a) means to suffer a profound shift in organisational mentality, consciousness, and culture. Yet, once implemented, diversity has a potential to feign the organization further to its performance and organizational highs. As long as I can opine myself working for that organization, our staff had been mostly compri sed of white males working for the fiscal department and dealing with the most polemical issues in the field of organizational finance. I must say that the organization had spent years in the market and had been able to achieve considerable success and organizational stability. Its name was well recognized by customers and competitors, whereas its financial staff was believed to be at the core of the organizations continuous success.... All three displayed remarkable performance results further they seemed to experience serious difficulties in their striving to adjust to the new conditions of work. hostility was equally obvious and veiled the existing staff members could not accept the idea of a new, diverse workplace and did not realize the potential benefits diversity could give them and their organization, in general. About the organization In detail My current position is that of Finance Manager in a veteran College. The main article of faith campus is located in Hertfords hire, and there is also a campus in central London. The college runs three teaching hospitals, with one of them being a drop in a veterinary hospital in London and the other(a) one working as a state of art equine centre in Hertfordshire. My professional person obligations require that I constantly interact and cooperate with the rest of the staff, teachers and students, as well as animal owners and veterinary practitioners. The range of issues, with which we constantly deal, includes cash flow and pricing, buildings insurance and animal insurance, complaints and staff accounts. The recent financial crisis became a serious test to the stability and financial operations in the Veterinary College. The college aims at providing hypernym educational and medical services to students and animal owners. Cultural issues and diversity have been among the most serious organizational problems so far. This is one of the reasons why diversity had to become one of the primary objects of change in the Veterinary College. The feasibility and scope of change According to Open University (2010), change may seem desirable but is not always beneficial. Whether new cultures and attitudes toward

Quantitative research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

duodecimal research - Assignment ExampleThe population is one hundred and three pregnant teenagers attending prenatal care within the problem statement. The problem statement embarrasss the crack up of the population that relates to the study or research. The part of the population affected in this case is the youth section and specifically teenagers.The problem relates to nursing perfectly. This is because the sequel of pregnancies is on the health sector and health officers or nurses should come up with a method that pull up stakes effectively control this situation. Nurses have the mandate to organize workshops that educate youths on the appropriate use of contraceptives in order to avoid unwanted pregnancies.The main purpose of this study was to find out the factors that facilitate the get hold of teenage pregnancies in a village of the Capricorn district that is located in the Limpopo province. Some of the factors includeThe ignorance boosted by cultural taboos to discuss sex appropriately with parents always perceive peer pressure. This makes young girls in such communities to acquire unnecessary pregnancies (Babbie & Mouton, 2009).The in unfree of dependent and mugwump variables are appropriately reviewed in this research. The dependent variable is because of output while the independent variable is because of input. The review of these elements is in the research whereby the age of the teenagers represents the independent variable and the result or pregnancy represents the dependent variable.Strengths generate from within the organization. The strengths of this study based on the availability of information needed since they were operating in one village. This situation did not require some resources. The study had weaknesses in that it was unable to spread the project and relevant information to other villages within the district.thither is a clear linkage of the dependent and independent variable in this study. The link arises at the order wh ere

The differences between Classical and Modern theater Essay

The differences between Classical and juvenile theater - Essay ExampleIn classical theaters, they were open air venues where performances could only be conducted at daytime in daylight (Walton 1987 pg 122-6).On the contrary, the neo theaters are permanent buildings with masterly seats. The theaters use current equipment to compliment the natural implements. The theaters are said to be built with padded seats with a complete enclosure. The performances of the modern theaters take place both at night right from the afternoons. The large part of the radiation diagram and the presentation is formed by the artificial lights. The classical theaters could evolve to satisfy the ever changing specifications of the events acted (Walton 1987 pg 67-9).It was make in different shapes, sizes and had a variety of functions. While the modern theaters are unnecessarily complex, the classical theaters were secure so simple with a great influence on any performance that was conducted on it. In te rms of performance, the classical performances sometimes entailed performances that impact on moral negatively as opposed to the modern ones which are endeared towards the theme to the audience (Walton 1987 pg

Article on improving training and retention in small to medium sized Assignment

Article on modify teach and retention in small to medium coat artes - Assignment ExampleConcerns of improving teaching and retention in these businesses are increasingly becoming centres of attraction for successful businesses. This essay explores the issue of lend oneselfee cooking and retention in small and medium businesses. Comparative returns in performance and labour productiveness is being realized in small to medium surface businesses through strategic development of their gentlemans gentleman resources. Effective training and retention forms the key component of such an achievement (Analoui & Karim 2003). The ultimate goal of training in any organization is to improve the skills and knowledge of its employees and in any case gain a competitive advantage in a particular business sector. Training necessitys be tailored to address the business strategic objectives and meet its calculated needs. It also facilitates creation of a unique workforce. Small and medium si zed businesses have to embrace the following practices in order to improve training and retention, putting more strain in valuing of work place acquirement and training. Like larger organizations, small and medium sized businesses need to continuously and regularly improve their capacity to gather information, managerial skills and their commitment to investing in employees knowledge and skills. ... Strategic training and partnerships should be employed to foster the achievement of such goals. For instance, in organizations that employ the principle of lean manufacturing which is geared to reduce waste and improve productivity, employees learning initiatives are tailored to jut the principle. In addition, partnership training should help small business entity in strengthening its training militia and learning to explore new business opportunities and increase returns in the long run (Alberto & Hamel 2005) Moreover, Employees need to encounter tailor made training that matches t heir job task and anticipated work results. The training offered should be on the table to enable the employees accommodate their job responsibilities as well as social life ones. The training should also be participatory in nature such that employees who are efficient in one part are involved in sharing that knowledge with their colleagues. Formal employee training programs especially the foundation learning programs need to be adopted by the employers with the emphasis of developing communication skills. In the globalized and technology oriented business environment, customer satisfaction is imperative to any business success. In small and medium sized businesses, the employees represent the image of the organization and forms daily contact with the customers especially in those the service industry. The foundation training program should work as a curtain raiser to advanced training programs that facilitate the learning of management and leadership skills, decision making and problem solving (Alberto & Hamel 2005). This will form the basis of advancement within the organization because such programs prepare the employees for higher

Screening of Sugar Cane Alley and Eve's Bayou Essay

Screening of Sugar Cane Alley and Eves Bayou - Essay ExampleIt is unmatchable of the French brings, which were enjoin by Palcy Euzhan in 1989. It has its setting in Martinique during the 1930s. The assume revolves around the story of the mistreatment by the whites as they worked as slaves during the 1930s. The film is mainly based on the semi-autobiographical novel that was compiled by Zobel Joseph (Rue). The cinematography that has been used in the pic consists of tilt-shift photography. The cinematographer applied medium sized lenses to ensure the control of the plane of focus orientation devising certain parts of the image appear sharp. This is the reason for the different shapes and lightings of the image in the film. Part of the film also reveals the traditional cinematography with dull brown outlooks. The music in the delineation is has slow rhythm and low tone that allows for the clear narration of the movie hence facilitating the comprehension of the viewers. The teach er, Mr. Rock has the most tempt on Jose. His influence is academic and racial related (Rue). He accuses him falsely because of plagiarism when he writes an search explaining the suffering of the slaves in the sugar cane plantations. I identify myself with Jose. He is focused and is forgiving. He in reality marches my traits. Formal education is portrayed in the film through the take aim learning system. Scholarships atomic number 18 other examples or elements found in the operateal education. The movie also shows that formal education does non allow for copying of other peoples ideas (plagiarism), therefore, it stresses on creativity and absolute originality. Joe runs away from school after be accused of plagiarism. Informal education is shown on the movie through the teachings of Joe by his grandmother. This form of education does non require class work or education.... Joe runs away from school after being accused of plagiarism. Informal education is shown on the movie th rough the teachings of Joe by his grandmother. This form of education does not require class work or education. It is not also expensive like formal one hence no scholarships for it. Contrast, in the film, is portrayed through the depiction of class difference in the film. Joes grandmother, Tine is one of the extreme poor individuals in this society. There are extremely rich people in the same society, for instance, Leopolds parents who are landowners. The filmmaker has employed his tactics and experience in ensuring that the entire film is not about the sentiments of Joses education, through the inclusion of his grandmother. The way Tine is treated is meant to inform the viewers on the core theme of the film, which is racism, and class disparities during the 1930s American societies. Leopold and his parents have been portrayed as opportunistic individuals. They pass Jose food in return for his labor service in their farm making him miss classes. This, in turn, is a portrayal that the society consists of class disparities and unfairness reins the entire society. The scene with Jose and Medouze is an educative one whereby Jose learns of the onetime(prenominal) and the experience undergone by his grandparents and ancestors (Rue). Despite being the fact that the movie is based on the novel, there is a distinct between the novel and the movie. The difference is on the settings of the two. The settings are on two different places and time. The movie was produced in the 1960s whereas the book was published earlier than that. Gender issues have been revealed in the movie as one of

Against Same Sex Marriage Essay Example for Free

Against similar Sex espousals EssayThe legalization of the matrimony surrounded by resembling sex couples will for good change the rite of nuptials in our society. The legalization of homo knowledgeable wedlock will quickly crush the traditional family.Marriage is the institution that forms and upholds for society, the cultural and social values and symbol related to procreation. That is, it establishes the values that find the transmission of human life to the next generation and the nurturing of that life in the basic societal unit, the family. by means of brotherhood our society works out the relationship of two people who will together fabricate and nurture a new generation. To change the definition of marriage to include same sex marriage couples would destroy its capacity to function in many ways. It could no longer represent procreative relationships of gelid sex marriages.Reproduction is the funda custodytal occurrence on which the future of life depends. It is the primary reason why marriage is so important to society. In same sex marriages procreation would be eliminated entirely.First, when the state sanctions homosexual relationships and gives them its blessing, the younger generation becomes confused about sexual identity and quickly loses its understanding of lifelong commitments, emotional bonding, sexual purity, the role of children in a family, and from spiritual prospective, the sanctity of marriage. Marriage is reduced to a partnership that provides winsome benefits and sexual convenience. Cohabitation and short term relationships are the inevitable result.Second, the introduction of legalized gay marriages will lead to polygamy and an other(prenominal) alternatives to the one man, on cleaning womanhood unions. Why will gay marriage set the table for polygamy? Because there is no place to stop once the line has been crossed. Historic all toldy, the definition of marriage has rested on a foundation of tradition, legal p recedent, theology, and the overwhelming support of the people. After the introduction of marriage between homosexuals it will be supported by nonhing more substantiated than the opinion of a single judge or by a black-robed panel of honourableices (Marriage under Fire).After their decision, the family will consist of elflike more than someones interpretation of rights. presumptuousness that unstable legal judgment, it is certain some self-possessed judge, somewhere, will soon rule that three men or three women can marry. How about group marriage or marriage between cousins, or marriage between parent and child? How about marriage between a man and his savage? Anything allegedly linked to civil rights will be doable. The legal underpinnings for marriage will demand been destroyed. These other couples restricted from marrying are not equivalent to homosexual couples, but are necessary to illustrate that marriage is heavily regulated, and for good reason.When a state recognizes a marriage, it bestows upon the couple certain benefits which are costly to both the state and other individuals. Collecting a deceased spouses social security, claiming an extra tax exemption for a spouse, and having the right to be covered under a spouses health insurance policy are just a few examples of its costly benefits associated with marriage. In a sense, a married couple receives a subsidy. A marriage between two unrelated heterosexuals is likely to result in a family with children. For this reason, states agree, in variable degrees, restricted from marriage, couples unlikely to produce children.One may argue that lesbians are capable of procreating via artificial insemination, so the state does have an please in recognizing lesbian marriages, but a lesbians sexual relationship, committed or not, has no bearing on her ability to reproduce (Single Parent What Helps, What Hurts). However, there is ample evidence that children subscribe to both female and male parent for proper development. It is essential for a child to be nurtured by parents of both sexes if a child is to learn to function in a society made up of both sexes (Life without Father). With the legalization of homosexual marriage, every public school in the nation will be required to t apiece that this lifestyle is the moral equivalent of traditional marriage between a woman and a man.Textbooks, even in conservative states, will have to depict man/man and woman/woman relationships and stories written for children as young as elementary or even kindergarten, will have to give equal space to homosexuals. Every public school will also be agonistic to teach that same sex marriage and homosexuality are perfectly normal. They will teach little boysand little girls that husband and wife and father and moother are merely optional for a family and therfore, meaningless (No jocund Marriage). Same sex families deny children either a mother or father. In certain cases, the same sex family is not driven by the postulate of children, but rather by the radical wishes of a small group of adults. Thousands of published social science, psychological and medical studies show that children living in parentless families, on average, suffer dramatically in every measure of well-being. These children suffer from higher levels of loneliness, physical or mental illness, behavior problems, educational failure or criminal troubles.The third reason marriage between homosexuals will destroy traditional marriage is that this is the ultimate goal of activists, and they will not stop until they execute it. Homosexual activists, with their inner power and exhilaration, feel the political climate is right to tell us what they have wanted all along. Gay marriages are likely to do for gay rights what the rallying cry of stillbirth on demand did for the Equal Rights Amendment and the womens movement. It diverts the real debate on every level. It reduces the cause of gay rights to a single issue . But the real deal is most gays and lesbians do not want to marry each other. They do not want to entangle themselves in all sorts of legal constraints (Single Parent What Helps, What Hurts). In a perfect democratic world, gay marriage would be an option for those who want it. However, this world is not a perfect democracy, and the fight for gay marriage is the wrong fight at the wrong time (Focus on Family).In conclusion, the reason for excluding same sex couples from marriage matters If the reason for denying homosexual marriage is that we have no respect for same sex couples and their relationships and want to give the message that homosexuality is wrong, then that is discrimination and that is wrong. On the other hand, if the reason is to keep the very nature, essence and substance of marriage intact, and the essence is to protect the procreative relationship, then excluding same sex couples from marriage is ethically acceptable. This such refusal is not discrimination. Ethics requires us to propose the least invasive, least restrictive alternative, reasonably available and likely to be effective in achieving a justifiedgoal. Maintaining a traditional marriage and legally recognizing same sex partnerships fulfills that ethical requirement (Why Marriage Matters).Gay and lesbian people have a right to form meaningful relationships. They do not have a right to redefine marriage for all of us. What will happen to society if marriage becomes anything or everything or nothing? The short answer is that the state will lose its compelling interest in marital relationships altogether. After marriage has been redefined, divorces will be obtained instantly, will not involve a court, and will take on the status of a drivers license or hunting permit. With the family out of the way, all rights and privileges of marriage will accrue to gay and lesbian partners without the legal entanglements and commitments associated with it.These are a few reasons why I am against ho mosexual marriage. Legalizing it will change everything, especially the institution of the family. Every society needs natural marriage- as many men as possible each finding a woman, lovingness for and committing himself exclusively to her- working together to create and raise the next generation.

Indian Automobile Industry Essay Example for Free

Indian Automobile sedulousness look forA. IntroductionThe Automotive Industry in India is unrivaled of the largishr marketplaces in the world and had previously been unity of the fastest growing sphericly, but is now eyesight flat or negative growth range. Indias rider simple machine and commercial-grade vehicle manufacturing industry is the sixth largest in the world, with an annual harvest-timeion of much than 3.9 million units in 2011. harmonise to recent reports, India oertook Brazil and became the sixth largest passenger vehicle producer in the world, grew 16 to 18 per cent to sell around three million units in the course of 2011-12. In 2009, India emerged as Asias quadrupleth largest exporter of passenger elevator gondolas, behind Japan, South Korea, and Thailand.In 2010, India beat Thailand to become Asias third largest exporter of passenger motorcars. As of 2010, India is inhabitancy to 40 million passenger vehicles. More than 3.7 million self-prope lled vehicles were produced in India in 2010 (an increase of 33.9%), devising the country the second (after China) fastest growing simple machinemobile market in the world in that year.According to the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers, annual vehicle sales argon projected to increase to 4 million by 2015, no longer 5 million as previously projected. The major(ip)ity of Indias car manufacturing industry is based around three bunchs in the south, west and north. The southern cluster consisting of Chennai is the biggest with 35% of the receipts sh ar. Chennai, with the India operations of Ford, Hyundai, Renault, Mitsubishi, Nissan, BMW, Hindustan Motors, Daimler, Caparo and PSA Peugeot Citron is about to begin their operations by 2014. Chennai accounts for 60% of the countrys motorcarmotive exports. The occidental hub near Mumbai and Pune contributes to 33% of the market. The Chakan corridor near Pune, Maharashtra is the western cluster with companies the like General Motors, Volkswagen, Skoda, Mahindra and Mahindra, Tata Motors, Mercedes Benz, Land R all over, Jaguar Cars, society and Force Motors having assembly typesets in the area.Nashik has a major base of Mahindra Mahindra with a SUV assembly unit and an engine assembly unit. Aurangabad with Audi, Skoda and Volkswagen also take a craps factor of the western cluster. The northern cluster around the National Capital comp wizardnt part contributes 32% of the Indian market. Gurgaon and Manesar in Haryana form the northern cluster where the countrys largest car manufacturer, Maruti Suzuki is based. An early(a) emerging cluster is in the state of Gujarat with manufacturing facility of General Motors in Halol and further planned for Tata Nano at their plant in Sanand. Ford, Maruti Suzuki and Peugeot-Citroen plants are also set to come up in Gujarat. Kolkata with Hindustan Motors, Noida with Honda and Bangalore with Toyota are nigh of the other automotive manufacturing regions around the co untry.B. Major PlayersThe Major Market PlayersC. crossway departmentationWhile there are quadruple ways of segmenting this industry like based on charge and engine size but the well(p)-nigh prevalent and the official method is based on dimension. i.e. the length of the vehicle under consideration. A1 Segment mini Up to 3400mm (M800, Nano)A2 Segment Compact 3401 to 4000mm ( low-pitched, wagon r, Zen,i10,A-star,Swift,i20,palio,indica etc) A3 Segment Midsize 4001 to 4500mm (Manza, City, Sx4, Dzire, Logan, Accent, Fiesta, Verna etc) A4 Segment Executive 4501 to 4700mm (Corolla, civic, C class, Cruze, Optra, Octavia etc) A5 Segment bounteousness 4701 to 5000mm (Camry, E class, Accord, Sonata, Laura, Superb etc) A6 Segment Luxury Above 5000mm (Mercedes S class, 5 series etc) B1 Segment new-sprung(prenominal) wave Omni, Versa, Magic etcB2 Segment MUV/MPV Innova, Tavera, Sumo etcSUV Segment CRV, VitaraetcWhile it is easy for SIAM to segment the vehicles as per dime nsions but for consumers, it becomes a subtlety difficult. This is primarily because of the widely varying / spread out prices of the vehicles. A 2 segment, as per the above criterion, pull up threatens range between 3 lakhs to 7 lakhs. And A 3 exit be between 4.5 to 9 lakhs. such(prenominal) wide variation in prices has distorted the image of segments in the minds of consumers. Hence, for simplicity purposes, a divergent segmentation has cropped up.The details are as follows- A Segment Approximately below 3.5 lakhs Alto, term, Nano, Spark, 800 B 1 Segment Hatch can largely below 6 lakhs Wagon R, Indica, Beat, Santro, A Star, Micra, Estilo B 2 Segment Hatchback majorly below 7.5 lakhs Swift, I 10, I 20, Ritz, Figo, Polo, Liva, Vista, Jazz, Punto, Brio, Fabia, Pulse, Aveo UVA C 1 Segment Sedan below 8 lakhs Dzire, Indigo, Etios, Sunny, Fiesta Classic, Verito, Accent, Ambassador, Aveo C 2 Segment Sedan below 9.5 lakhs Linea, Manza, Verna, Rapid, Vento, City, SX 4, Vern a New, Optra D 1 Segment grant Sedan below 15 lakhs Corolla, Civic, Cruze, Laura, Jetta, Fluence D 2 Segment Luxury Sedan below 25 lakhs Superb, Passat, Accord, Camry, Sonata, Teana, Kizashi B1 Segment Van Omni, Versa, Magic etcB2 Segment MUV/MPV Innova, Tavera, Sumo etcSUV Segment CRV, VitaraetcIf we analyze the 1st Quarter of 2012-13, then substance vehicle sales has been around 6.32 lakh units. The hatchback segments has totaled to 56% of the entire passenger car sales in India. This comes to 355857 units. This clearly shows the popularity of smoother cars in the Indian market. Alto upholds to be the top selling brand with 17422 in July. It is followed by Swift (11421) and Wagon R (9582) all Maruti brands. This is an indication of how well the Maruti police squad has understood the Indian market. i 10, I 20, Nano, Beat, Figo, Santro Polo are some of the high selling regulates in these segments and these models bear upon to clock more than 3000 units monthly. Nano has been a disappointment so far with immense expectations but it is showing some kind of resilience off late. As a segment, the Utility segment is showing the maximum growth. In fact, this segment has outclassed the other popular segments of A, B 1 B 2.With 128110 units under its hood in the 1st quarter, the segment is unquestionably making some good progress. MarutisErtiga, Mahindras XUV 500 Bolero has been instrumental in pushing the volumes of this segment. Innova and Omni too are raking in good numbers. What has been disappointing is the performance from the Tata Motors stable Venture, Safari and Sumo open been showing steady decline in the numbers per se but definitely possess huge potential to challenge the other models.Among the sedans, Maruti Dzire continues to lead the pack. With 11413 numbers in July, it is way ahead of its next model Verna (5300). The iconic models of City, Linea, SX4 have been showing consistent under growth and seriously calls for some introspect ion by their respective manufacturers. Vento Rapid also showed some slack but given the aggression of VW and Nissan, it wont be long before they start to pull in good numbers. Tatas Indigo and Manza were on a slightly negative terrain all these months but somehow the tr break off has been reversed in July. 6816 for these 2 models augurs well for the company.D. Indian Automobile Industry Barriers to Entry (and Exit) Barriers to entry (or, BTE) are anything that hinders the movement of firms into an industry. That is, BTE reduce or abstract the entry of new businesses into an industry. Sometimes BTE merchant ship be almost insurmountable no new firms potentiometer submit an industry. new(prenominal) times BTE can slow down the entry of new firms new firms bulge out but only slow. Very low BTE, however, means that new firms can calculate the industry relatively rapidly. What can act as a BTE ?1. Amount of capitalThe amount of capital claimd to enter the auto industry is in billions of dollars. So, genuinely a couple of(prenominal) outsiders can ever hope to enter the industry. This major fiscal requirement services as a significant barrier to entry for many industries. The auto manufacturing industry is considered to be highly capital and labor intensive. The major bes for producing and selling automobiles include * elbow grease While machines and robots are playing a greater role in manufacturing vehicles, there are shut up substantial labor costs in designing and engineering automobiles * Advertising Each year auto producers pass on billions on print and broadcast advertising, furthermore, they spent large amounts of money on market research to foretell consumer trends and preferences 2. Limited capacity of parts suppliersExisting parts suppliers have downsized their operations to the point that they do not have excess capacity.3. CompetitionThere are al fake significant numbers of well realised competitors.4. politics regulationsThe stringe nt regulations regarding safety, design, emission standards and displace efficiency whitethorn sometimes act as a deterrent.5. indubitable encourageion lawsThis whitethorn prevent the use of certain innovations at low cost.6. MarketingMarketing a new brand can be difficult and very expensive.7. Economies of scaleEconomies of scale give large producers a significant cost advantage over small rivals. Where a firm has grown very large and significant economies of scale exist, they can have cost combativeness. New entrants generally start small and therefore, have much higher unit crosswayion costs than the giant firms. These new, small entrants find it near impossible to survive against the large rival because they just cant be price competitive given their much larger unit production costs.8. Entry-deterring behaviorA firm can protect itself from rivalry by deliberately acting in a way that convinces potential competitors not to enter the industry. Some firms spend huge amounts of money on advertising to keep new rivals from scratch line up business. Or, firms can act exceedingly aggressive if faced with new competition by perhaps starting a major price war every time a new competitor enters their market. Lawsuits against new rivals have been apply to drive them out of business or to, at the very least, raise the cost of entering the business to very high levels.9. Knowledge and engine roomIdeas and Knowledge that houses competitive advantage over others when patented prevent others from using it and thus creates barrier to entry. For eg. TATA motors have great knowledge/ experience in the automobile industry and have renowned technological advantage because of the recent acquisition and mergers.10. Product specialty and Cost AdvantageThe new product has to be different and attractive to be accepted by the customers. Attractiveness can be measured in the terms of the features, price etc. For an entrant to advance this, it requires lot of effort as c ompared to an established player. TATA Nano is an modeling where till now, no new entrant has entered as a competitor.Barriers to Exit Obstacles or impediments that prevent a company from exiting a market. A company may decide to exit a market because it is unable to capture market share or deliberate a profit or for some other reason altogether. blue barriers to exit might push back it to continue competing in the market. The factors that may form a barrier to exit include1. High giftment in non-transferable fixed assetsThis is particularly common for manufacturing companies that invest heavily in capital equipment which is specific to one task. 2. High redundancy costsIf a company has a large number of employees, employees with high salaries, or contracts with employees which define high redundancy payments (layoff costs), then the firm may face significant cost if it wishes to leave the market. 3. Other closure costs. Contract contingencies with suppliers or buyers and an y penalty costs incurred from cutting short tenancy agreements.4. dominance upturn Firms may be influenced by the potential of an upturn in their market that may reverse their current financial situation. 5. Government policies In India, the industrial Disputes Act, 1947 puts restrictions on employers in the matter of reducing excess staff by retrenchment, by closure of establishments and the retrenchment process involved lot of legalities and complex procedures. Also, any plans of retrenchment and reducing of staff and work force are subjected to strong opposition by trade unions.E. Role of Non-Pricing CompetitionNon-price competition refers to firms competing with one another not in terms of reducing the price to attract consumers instead, in form of brand name, advertising, packaging, free home- delivery, free service, sponsorship deals and so on. These are the different forms of non-price competition. The main aim of non-price competition is product weakenment. As products are differentiated in monopolistic competition, to prove and show how ones product is superior than others- colour, appearance, packaging, acquirement level etc. It is been done to create an inelastic demand for the product. Following parameters can be used for competition instead of reducing costQualityIf consumers must choose between two products of the comparable price but they can see that one is of a higher smell, they generally pick the product of higher quality. In this way, if a firm can figure out how to produce an item at a cost comparable to what its competitor charges but make it of higher quality, that firm may be able to steal the market from its competitor. Now in case of automobiles, within a given price range people generally dont comprise with the quality aesthetics.For usage Recalls of vehicles sold. Recently, Honda Cars India Ltd recalled 42,672 units of second genesis Honda City cars manufactured in 2007 and 2008 to replace their power window switch. HCIL car ried out preventive part renewal of power window switch. The company is proactively replacing Power Window Switch which may malfunction in case water or any other liquid enters the driver side window. Honda Cars India is carrying out the part replacement as part of a global answer by Honda Motor Company to encounter stringent quality standards for its products. However, a problem with this approach is that it may take some time for consumers to pass water any difference in quality.Perception and BrandingIn some cases, little possibility of quality differentiation exists between two products. However, the long-term sustainability of such an approach may be difficult because, as such brand advantages arise through consumer trends, consumer trends may also lead to their demise. We can take example of Hyundais Eon and Marutis Alto 800. Maruti being a well-known brand it was difficult for Hyundai Eon to compete with it. Hyundai India offers its Eon fleet within a price bracket of Rs . 2.8 to Rs. 3.8 lakhs in the country. Maruti Suzuki has pitched its Alto 800 models with a slightly humble pricing falling in the range starting from Rs. 2.4 lakhs that goes on till Rs. 3.6 lakhs in the Indian auto market.Sales Comparision between Maruti Suzuki Alto 800 and Hyundai EonSource http//blogs.hindustantimes.com/car-nama/2012/07/13/alto-vs-eon-eight-months-on/Product DesignIn some cases, firms may compete by changing the design of their products to make them more appealing without significantly changing production costs or quality levels. Such a schema can prove telling at stealing business from competitors, but it can also backfire, because it can cause the company to alienate its existing consumers, who may be knowingly choosing the existing design over other products with different designs specifically because it appeals to their tastes.Product DifferentiationNot all consumers are the selfsame(prenominal). By religious offering a range of interchangeable products geared toward different market sectors, firms can expand their market base. However, such product differentiation can result in significantly higher overhead costs for production. For example every model has variants in following aspectsFuel used ( gaseous state, diesel, LPG, CNG)Cost varients (low end to high end with addition of features like sunroof, airbags etc.) Model Price (INR) MileageVolkswagon Vento PetorlTrendline 7,29,000 15.04Volkswagon Vento Petrol Comfortline 7,75,805 15.04Volkswagon Vento Petrol Style Limited variance 8,10,805 15.04 Volkswagon Vento diesel Trendline 8,44,000 20.54Volkswagon Vento Petrol Highline 8,74,805 15.04Volkswagon Vento Diesel Comfortline 8,90,805 20.54Volkswagon Vento Diesel Style Limited Edition 9,25,805 20.54 Volkswagon Vento Petrol Highline AT 9,74,805 14.4Volkswagon Vento Diesel Highline 9,89,805 20.54Sales StructureWhen two firms are competing with similar products, one may be able to know more market share and a deeper level of sixth sense due to a more effective and aggressive sales structure. By engaging in direct sales, firms can appeal to prospective buyers who other than would not feel compelled to buy due to advertising or other kinds of marketing. Multilevel marketing is one way in which firms rapidly build their consumer base. However, by turning buyers into sellers as well, such schemes may require significantly higher prices.A typical supply image in Indian Automobile IndustrySource ImaginMor, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd and United Nations Industrial Development Organisation The description and the role of each of the contributors to the supply chain are discussed below. Third Tier Suppliers These companies go out basic products like rubber, glass, steel, plastic and aluminium to the second course suppliers. Second Tier Suppliers These companies design vehicle systems or bodies for First Tier Suppliers and OEMs. They work on designs provided by the first tier suppliers or OEMs. They also provide en gineering resources for detailed designs. Some of their services may include welding, fabrication, shearing, bending etc. First Tier Suppliers These companies provide major systems directly to assemblers. These companies have global coverage, in order to follow their customers to various locations around the world. They design and innovate in order to provide black-box solutions for the requirements of their customers.Black-box solutions are solutions created by suppliers using their own technology to meet the performance and interface requirements set by assemblers. First tier suppliers are responsible not only for the assembly of parts into complete units like dashboard, breaks-axel-suspension, seats, or cockpit but also for the management of second-tier suppliers. Automakers/Vehicle Manufacturers/Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) After researching consumers wants and needs, automakers begin designing models which are tailored to consumers demands. The design process normall y takes five years. These companies have manufacturing units where engines are manufactured and parts supplied by first tier suppliers and second tier suppliers are assembled. Automakers are the key to the supply chain of the automotive industry.Examples of these companies are Tata Motors, Maruti Suzuki, Toyota, and Honda. Innovation, design capability and branding are the main focus of these companies. Dealers Once the vehicles are ready they are shipped to the regional branch and from there, to the authorised dealers of the companies. The dealers then sell the vehicles to the end customers. Parts and Accessory These companies provide products like tires, windshields, and air bags etc. to automakers and dealers or directly to customers. Service Providers Some of the services to the customers include servicing of vehicles, repairing parts, or financing of vehicles. Many dealers provide these services but, customers can also choose to go to autarkical service providers. The increas ed usage of IT at different tiers of the supply chain is on the increase in all the companies in India. An important finding that emerged from the findings was that the integration of supply chain is being done at all the cities in the country irrespective of the market share.F. Key Developments in Indian Auto firmamentMajor Developments Investments* Nissan Motor India Pvt Ltd is expecting to sell over 60 per cent more units this year on the back of the launch of its upgraded small car Nissan Micra * Daimler India Commercial Vehicles (DICV) exported its first lot of 64 Fuso trucks manufactured at its Oragadam plant in Chennai. * Mahindra USA, a subsidiary of Mahindra and Mahindra (MM), will set up an assembly and distribution centre, expanding one of the four tractor facilities in North America, by January 2014 * The Japan-based automobile manufacturer Isuzu Motors local subsidiary Isuzu Motors India has entered into an agreement with Hindustan Motors (HM) for contract manufactur ing of Isuzu SUVs and tone arm trucks * A year after introducing the popular MINI range of cars in India, luxury car maker BMW has started local production of MINI Countryman at its facility in Chennai * New Holland Fiat India plans to invest Rs 1, degree centigrade crore (US$ 184.56 million) to set up a new green-field plant in Maharashtra and also to increase its tractor manufacturing capacity by 50 per cent in the next three years* Hero MotoCorp has bought a 49.2 per cent stake in its US-based technology partner Erik Buell Racing (EBR) for US$ 25 million. This is Hero MotoCorps first-ever equity purchase in an overseas company. Also, Hero MotoCorp has entered into the African continent with launch of its brand and products in Kenya, where it has also set up an assembly unit. The company has also partnered with Ryce East Africa to sell its two-wheelers in the country * Daimler is developing its Indian commercial vehicle operations as an export hub. Daimler India Commercial Vehicl es (DICV) will export locally assembled trucks from the conglomerates Mitsubishi Fuso range in 15 markets in Asia and Africa.Government InitiativesThe Government of India plans to introduce give notice-efficiency ratings for automobiles to encourage sale of cars that consume less petrol or diesel, as per Mr. Veerappa Moily, Union Minister for Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India. The Union Budget 2013-14 announced by Mr. P Chidambaram, the Union Finance Minister, Government of India, in the Parliament on February 28, 2013, had a few add-ons for the industry. The analysis by Deloitte on the Union Budget highlighted the following * The period of concession available for condition part of electric and hybrid vehicles till April 2013 has been extended upto March 31, 2015* The basic customs duty (BCD) on imported luxury goods such as high-end motor vehicles, motor cycles, yachts and similar vessels was increased. The duty was raised from 75 percent to 100 percent on Cars / mo tor vehicles (irrespective of engine capacity) with CIF value more than US$ 40,000 from 60 percent to 75 percent on motorcycles with engine capacity of 800cc or more and on yachts and similar vessels from 10 percent to 25 percent * In addition, an increase in excise duty from 27 to 30 per cent has been allowed for SUVs with engine capacity exceeding 1,500 cc, while excise duty was decreased from 80 to 72 per cent, in case of SUVs registered solely for taxi purposes* An exemption from BCD on lithium ion automotive bombing for manufacture of lithium ion battery packs for supply to manufacturers of hybrid and electric vehicles * The excise duty on variety of diesel motor vehicles for transport of goods reduced from 14 per cent to 13 per cent Moreover, the Government of India allows 100 per cent foreign direct investment (FDI) in the automotive industry through automatic route. The Government also plans to accelerate the supply of electric vehicles over the next eight years. It is exp ected that there will be a demand for 5-7 million electricity-operated vehicles by 2020. The contribution of automotive sector in the bring in domestic product (GDP) is expected to double, reaching a turnover worth US$ 145 billion in 2016, with special focus on export of small cars, MUVs, two three wheelers and auto components, as per the Automotive Mission Plan (AMP) 2006-2016.Road Ahead world-wide and Indian manufacturers are focusing their efforts to develop innovative products, technologies and supply chains in the industry. Car makers are launching a slew of car models, mostly compact SUVs, in the coming months. The automobile body SIAM expects the launches to be able to brighten the market. Lastly, the resourcefulness of AMP 2006-2016 sees India, to emerge as the destination of choice in the world for design and manufacture of automobiles and auto components with output reaching a level of US$ 145 billion accounting for more than 10 per cent of the GDP and providing additio nal employment to 25 million people by 2016. G. Major Challenges and Suggested MeasuresChallenges1. unwavering decline in economic growth-* It affects the consumer buying behavior- Buyers driven by fear of job loss, moved acutely to increase their rate of saving. At the same time, high cost and growing longevity of motor vehicles prompted buyers to extend purchases that they might have otherwise made. * Freezing of credit markets meant cancelledorders, unpaid supplier invoices, and temporarily shuttered plants. * High excise duty- 12 % for sub 4 meters cars and 24 % for over 4 meters cars. * High interest rates as well as difficulty to obtain brings for purchase. 2. Duplicate spare parts- Indian market has everlastingly suffered from duplicate products and cheap counterfeits. This puts pressure on OEMs to reduce the prices and compete with these cheaper counterfeits. According to the study conducted by market research agency nielson co with acma, 41 % of total spare parts exte nd to OEMs and OESes, 23 % belong to imported segment and 36 % are duplicate.3. Lack of infrastructure- Lack of proper road infrastructure, resulting into heavy concern has become major concern in most of the cities in India. Parking problem, parking cost adds to it. vainglorious roads, Bad drivers on road further add to the problem. 4. Availability of skilled man-power- As per data produce by NSDC(National Skill Development Corporation), automobile sector in India is going to face a deficit of 35 million skilled manpower by 2022. Limited availability of skilled manpower is choke to pose a great challenge to the positive growth of the Indian automotive manufacturing industry.5. High monomania cost- Small car sales are likely to fall by a couple of character points in 2013-14 due to continued uncertainty over income growth, high fuel costs arising from a belittling rupee and still relatively high inflation.Diesel cars will lose their sheen, particularly in the small car segme nt, due to the gradual deregulation of diesel prices and the expected fall in petrol prices. 6. IR tie in issues- The $73 billion automobile sector has witnessed abhorrent industrial unrest in the recent 5 years with disputes in Maruti Suzuki, Hero Honda, Honda Motorcycles and Scooters India, Rico,Hyundai, Ashok Leyland, MRF, Apollo Tyres, Sona Koyo and Toyota Kirloskar Motors Ltd. Thissector, to generate double revenue needs a flexible workforce of 25 million with an amicableatmosphere to hire and fire workers to cope with the cyclical swings in demand for cars, trucksand bikes but the rude labour laws governing employment of contract labour has fan thesetensions.This speculates the lack of efficient implementation machinery. Industrial unrestsaccompanying murders of the executives have also been committed in 2-3 instances recently,demonstrating the urging to address the issue by the social partners. 7. Global competition Competition will only increase in the years to come, as mo re internationalist players enter India and the pace of innovation accelerates. This would elevate both RD and selling and distribution costs, thereby impacting margins. Despite these headwinds, India would continue to remain an attractive market, as volumes across segments are projected to grow at a five-year intensify annual growth rate (CAGR) of over 10 per cent.Suggested MeasuresIndia has a very low car penetration about 10 per 1000. This number is expected to become 382 by 2025, this means that there is plenty of style to each automobile giant to grow in Indian market without affecting the volume of other competitors. Few of the following suggested measures may have a bounce back effect on the Indian Automobile Industry 1. Friendly government policies Tax benefits for RD development and Skill related investments, subsidies for hybrid vehicles are the measures if taken can boost the Indian automobile sector. Similarly extension of 200 % weighted rebate of R D expense under i ncome tax law andweighted deduction of 150 % for expenditure in skill development by industries seem to be positive steps towards the cause.2. Healthy Industrial relations through better contract worker policies As in most of the developed countries thecontract workers are cover under the social security provisions and are paid at par with the permanent workers. Such transparent policies may definitely promote positive industrial relations and foster industrial growth. 3. Technology up gradation measures-Automobile industry is slowing down, but at the same time we are seeing long waiting periods for new launches, which means people are no longer going for same old trusty brands and models and want more value for their money.Which gives me hopes that if Auto makers focus on launching more new models and more global launches they will surely find customers. 4. Promoting Hybrid vehicles or better fuel efficiencyTo counter the problems of high fuel prices, its the need of the hour to de velop higher fuel efficient products and also the products running on alternative fuel to decrease the ownership cost. For this concession on import duty on specified parts of hybrid vehicles are necessary. Stringent laws and strict exercise to eliminate spurious auto-spare part business. 5. Ensuring easy loan availabilityThe industry should also approach the banks and NBFCs for better and easier loan availability to the car buyers. 100% finance and lower EMI with longer loan tenure will definitely help.

Illegal Mexican Americans Essay Example for Free

Illegal Mexican Americans EssayOver the yesteryear 10 years, traversing the U.S.Mexico meet bootlegly has become more and more dangerous for would-be immigrants. Illegal immigrants face kidnapping, murder, and rape at the detainment of violent drug cartels and ever more ruthless human smugglers. Crossing treacherous desert areas exposes the travelers to hop up exhaustion and dehydration. Hundreds of people die every year trying to cross the border into the U.S. However, illegal in-migration is dangerous not only to the illegal immigrants themselvesit is costly to societies and nations as a whole. In order to contract illegal immigration and reduce the toll on human lives, the unite States must take a complete approach of increasing border security and improving legal immigration procedures and public diplomacy, as easily as fostering reforms and greater efforts to crack down on human smuggling in Latin America. The Heritage Foundation lays out a plan for such an approa ch.In August 2010, 72 would-be illegal immigrants from Mexico were lined up and executed, their bodies discovered on a remote ranch a mere 90 miles from the U.S. border. The drug gang responsible for the kidnapping and murders, Los Zetas, captured its victims as they traveled through Tamaulipas, presumptively on their way to cross the border illegally into the United States. When the 72 people refused to work for the gang, they were executed. madness against illegal border-crossers has become a regular occurrence around land and sea borders over the outgoing decade. Criminal acts committed against illegal immigrants include kidnapping, robbery, extortion, sexual violence, and death at the hands of cartels, smugglers, and even deprave Mexican government officials. Hundreds of individuals perish trying to cross the U.S. southwest border each year referable to heat exhaustion, drowning, and falling into the hands of the wrong people. In Mexico, violence against illegal immigrants in transit has blow up since President Felipe Calderon began his battle against the countrys transnational criminal organizations in 2006. Despite some achievement in thwarting these organizations, the slow pace of justice and law enforcement reform, as well as rampant corruption, has allowed organized crime to continue to thrive in Mexico. Likewise, as Mexico attempts to clamp down on narcotics operations, these increasingly multifaceted criminal organizations turn to other sources of income, such as human smuggling and sex trafficking.The dangers of outlawed movement are not confined to Mexico. Thousands of illegal immigrants attempt to reach the United States annually by sea from the Caribbean islands of Cuba, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic. They all put themselves at risk of abandonment, exposure, capsizing, and drowning.For many illegal immigrants, their journey to the United States does not begin at Americas southern border. Mexico serves as a starting acme as well as a path of transit for people all across Latin America seeking illegal entry into the United States. Last year, Mexicos National Immigration show (INM) apprehended and repatriated a total of 62,141 illegal immigrants within Mexicos border. Of the 400,235 individuals that the INM estimates enter Mexico every year illegally, around 150,000or thirty seven percentintend to cross over into the United States. These individuals travel from their spot countries throughout the region to Mexicos 750-mile shared border with Guatemala and Belize. While the terrain is mountainous and jungle-covered, there are few checkpoints along the crossing, making it to be a hospitable environment to many would-be illegal immigrants.Yet, at Mexicos southern border begins a dangerous journey of some 2,000 miles to the United States. Over the past several years, programs to concentrate judicial and law enforcement reform have received greater levels of support from the U.S. government. under the shelter of t he Merida hatchway, the Central America Regional Security Initiative (CARSI), and the Caribbean Basin Security Initiative (CBSI), U.S. agencies support a wide variety of programs geared toward institutional reform. A portion of the total $1.3 billion appropriated for the Merida Initiative in Mexico since its creation is intended to provide technical assistance to law enforcement and training to improve vetting processes. Further, at least $207 million of the aid appropriated under Merida is specifically to be used to improve judicial dexterity and effectiveness, coordinate efforts to improve prosecutorial ability, and improve court and prison management.In order to combat the problem of illegal immigration and reduce the toll on human lives, the United States must take a comprehensive approach of increasing border security and improving legal immigration procedures and public diplomacy, as well as fostering reforms and greater efforts to combat human smuggling in Latin America.

Race & Ethnicity in Social Sciences Essay Example for Free

Race Ethnicity in Social Sciences EssayDefining identity fucking be complex and therefore we have to investigate the factors involved that nettle us who we atomic number 18 and how we atomic number 18 seen by others, corporately or individually. Social scientists have to consider the key elements which shape identity, the importance of favorable structures and agency involved. The differences and/or similarities between us are the focus that categorise and label us in participation. Knowing who we are is important for m whatever reasons including, social rights, obtaining a passport, housing, health, employment, marriage, and over all, being able to contain who we are, and belong. The end points ? race and ? ethnicity are central features in the lick of categorisation. ?Racial or ? Ethnic identifications are produced as part of a social process, which is dynamic and changing. Therefore we know that identities are not passive and terms such as ? race and ? ethnicity c annot cover the changing categories without being dynamic terms themselves. The usance of quotation marks with these terms is adopted to emphasise that the terms are broad terms and generate to avoid discrimination or misrepresentation of conferences under the umbrella term.?Race is commonly used by media and society to portray the physical differences between people, however, social scientists choose to show that the term does not bear upon to exact biological differences, is stereotypical, and the quotation marks emphasise the concept as more than of an assumption which has policy-making implications. The term is socially constructed and therefore does serve an essential purpose in society as it has satisfying affects and associations.The term ?ethnicity refers to cultural practices and history, such as religion, language and territory, where a person or a group derives from, summarising their beliefs and traditions, therefore, ethnicity applies to everyone, necessitating t he birth of terms ? minority ethnic group and ? majority ethnic group (Questioning Identity, Ch 4, P124, section 2. 3) to subcategorise identities in relation to ethnicity. Social scientists use quotation marks around these terms to signify that the blanket term does not distinguish between personal and social identity, but acts mainly as a collective identity concept.For example, identification on a British passport may categorise the holder as being ? British although they may be Scottish/Chinese. Social scientists prefer to call UK society a ? multi-ethnic society. These subgroup identities highlight the relational factors which exist in categorising identity, each requiring the other in order to make the comparison between ethnic differences, power and place. Racialization and Ethnicization are preferred concepts as they contribute more to the head that the identities we adopt are part of a process and are not static, referring to a dynamic process rather than a fixed state.Ca tegorisations from the 1970s onwards, such as the definition of ? black or ? white, were overly vague, and failed to recognise the specific needs of other ethnic minorities. In order to monitor and measure statistically the discrimination and underachievement of such groups, collecting ? ethnic statistics in relation to ? race and ? ethnicity was necessary and these can be found in official government censuses. Over the years it became apparent that categorisation of ethnic groups in the censuses rendered some groups ? nonvisual (Questioning Identity, ch 4, p 137, section 4. 1. 1), for example Irish and Welsh.The category of ? white has had to be spread out into subcategories as the ? white grouping classification remained singular within the censuses until 2001, and ethnicization of ? whites was too generalised. (Questioning Identity Kath Woodward ch. 4 p138 major power of Population Censuses and Surveys, 1991) These amendments show us that there have been changes in ethnic re presentation and that there is more awareness regarding ethnic identities and needs. The sub-categorisation of ethnic identities is used in everyday life such as in the media, job applications and insurance documents.The importance of the emergence of new and changing identities in a multi-ethnic society has led to uncertainties about what it means to be ? British. In the 1980s for example, the Commission for Racial Equality sponsored question into the claims by Irish ethnic groups making claims that they were discriminated against by public and private agencies as their ? invisibility represent their particular needs. (Questioning Identity Kath Woodward, ch. 4, p145).The 1960s Black is Beautiful movement (Questioning Identity Kath Woodward, ch4, 2. 2, p118) campaigned the category of ?black, inclusive of Asians and any other non-white groups, as inappropriate and too wide an assumption. Collective group action and social creativeness disputed the terminology of ? black and invol ved a struggle to alter the social meaning of blackness, as opposed to the more ? powerful ethnic majority status of being ? white.This redefined black social status and proved that black identities were not fixed but dynamic, changing from a term with connotations of disrespect, to one of pride, proving identities are collective and political as well as individual and relational, Whiteness is used as an invisible marker against which other ?ethnicities are judged (Kath Woodward, Questioning Identity, Ch 4, p 136, Section 4. 1).REFERENCES DD 121, Questioning Identity gender, class, ethnicity. Kath Woodward, The Open University, Routledge, 2004. DD121, Workbook 1, Norma Sherratt, David Goldblatt, Maureen mack and Kath Woodward, The Open University, Routledge, 2004. DD121, Block 1, The Open University, TV02 Defining Moments DD121, Block 1, sound 2, The Open University, Audio 3A DD121, Block 1, Audio 2, The Open University, Audio 3B.

Marketing Paper Final Exam Essay Example for Free

Marketing make-up Final Exam EssayFinal Paper Marketing encompasses the complex cycle of every represent of a growth, from conception to the final sale and everything in between. Marketers argon challenged with identifying the consumers needs/wants and managing the process to meet those needs. Every product a merchandiseplaceer develops goes through quaternary bes in its invigoration, The Product Life Cycle. Each stage of the product life cycle (Introduction, Growth, Maturity, and ancestry) withstand erratic characteristics that a marketer faces as they create utility and try to maintain or grow their market share. Through each stage ad is critical and marketers try to inform, persuade and remind consumers about their product. The dispute is the approach and focus of the advertising. Every product that comes to market enters into the Introduction pose. This is the stage where consumers are first introduced to the product. During the prefatory stage of the product life cycle, a firm works to stimulate demand for the newfound market entry. (Boone Kurtz, 2006, p. 371) A marketer must connect with consumers to create a market for the new product. Every grade hundreds of new products enter the introductory stage.Currently a product that is just beginning to take generate is high-definition televisions (HDTVs). HDTVs broadcast pictures with increase clarity and give the viewer (consumer) options on camera angles and additional information. Currently, Yankee congregation estimates that 15 percent of Ameri cigarette households now own (a HDTV), with Forrester estimating 10 percent at most. (Crawford, 2005) During the introductory stage, marketers are trying to introduce the product to consumers. One of the ways marketers succeed is in offering promotions or discounts to distributors to lower the product in the marketplace.Most of the advertising focuses on informing the public about the new product. maculation information is key, advertiser s also try to persuade consumers to purchase the product and often times remind consumers where they can find the product. The Introductory stage is where all products start. It is in this early stage that products are refined found on consumer and distribution feedback. Often times the numbers of marketers are minimal in the introductory stage as the market is being developed. As a product finds its market and begins to gain acceptance, it turn tails into the Growth Stage of the product life cycle.The fruit stage is where a product sees its sales volumes increase dramatically. At this stage in the products life, new customers make initial purchases and early buyers repurchase. (Boone Kurtz, 2006, p. 372) Early marketers find increased rivalry as their competitors enter the product space to share in the profits. Satellite television has entered into the growth market with the advent of the small dish. Early satellite television was mainly limited to rural areas that were un reached to cable television. The dishes were large and unattractive.As the technology has advances and the satellite dish has shrunk to less then twenty-four inches, consumers have rushed to the alternative to cable television. Satellite television marketers are continuing to refine their product in this growth stage. Recently, the top two providers of satellite television signed deals to provide affordable high-speed net service. For satellite-TV providers, the service is another way to offer a full line of products. (AP, 2006) The growth stage is where marketers move from a heavy focus on information in advertising to a more convincing approach.The persuasive approach allows the marketers to differentiate from competitors and encourage individuals to not be left behind. If the product space attracts quadruplicate marketers, pricing, features and other differentiators are used in the advertising to help marketers gain or maintain market share. The Growth Stage of the product li fe cycle is complex and changing. Marketers rely on word-of-mouth, mass advertising and falling prices to sustain the momentum and interest in the product. The goal of the growth stage is to get averse(p) buyers to buy and current customers to repurchase.As a product advanceds and growth stabilizes, the product moves in the Maturity Stage. gross sales start to plateau and supply exceeds demand for the first time in the products life cycle. Competing marketers have flood the field and profits begin to become depressed. All of these factors create pressure on marketers to reach out their brands sustainability. carbonate soft drinks are a very mature product. According to the American Beverage Association (ABA) the beginnings of the new-fashioned soda started in the 1830s. (ABA, 2006) The ABA estimates that there are over 450 brands in the product space.The number of brands creates fierce competition for Americans 65 billion in annual purchases. Adverting in the mature stage of a products life is all about increasing purchases, differentiating your brand and finding new uses or markets for the product. In the soft drink space marketers try celebrity endorsements and product differentiation. 7-UP is the un-cola, trying to draw its property among more popular cola brands. Whatever approach the marketer takes in advertising, the goal is to extend the matureness stage and maintain profits for as long as possible.A product in the mature stage of the product life cycle does not indicate imminent demise. As illustrated above, soft drinks continue to command consumers dollars. Marketers will often look to new markets and changes in the product to extend the life of the product. One of the largest struggles for mature products is maintaining profits as competition drives down prices. As the product leaves maturity it enters the Decline Stage in the Product life cycle. A products decline is most often linked to new technologies. Marketers focus on reminding the rema ining customers in the market that they are there for the consumers needs.Sales decline, profits decline and the product space eventually looses money. VCRs are a product on the decline in the linked States. With the advance of DVDs and the reduction in price of DVRs, VCRs are loosing shelf space and market share. Marketers often times search for new markets as products decline in their existing markets. So while the United States and Europe may transition to a new technology, emerging economies may embrace the older and cheaper technology, thusly extending the products life. Advertising a product in the stage of decline focuses on reminding the remaining consumer base the product still exists.

America’s cause Essay Example for Free

the Statess cause EssayBut he calmly proceeded to act his part, pretending non the least daunted by the gut-wrenching ride over a swirling sea. The following day he received this message from the naval forces Department Dear Mr. Wayne- we are pleased to record this belatedst addition to naval lore. To the immortal expression, fiendish the torpedoes, full speed ahead, we now add your own memorable words, get me out of this son of a bitch (Wayne168-169). Wayne spoke the American language well.Once, asked by a reporter nearly his rumored plan to cover for president, Wayne said, Bullshit. When asked to give a definite comment, Wayne told him to use the word. The following day, this news item appeared When Mr. Wayne was questioned about the possibility of speed for national office, he replied Bt (Wayne 162). Americans responded to seat Wayne in a manner different from other stars of his generation. Other actors scarce shed off their screen personae after the lights went o ff not so Wayne.Although little was written about his private life (marriage, romantic affairs) until after his death, his public life was an open book that maintained and fortify the John Wayne mystique. He was a natural treasure who was loved and respected. In 1979 he was a warded the Congressional bullion Medal. In 1998, an Army RAH-66 helicopter was named Duke in his honor. He wore a POW bracelet to show his savvy with the fighting men in Viet Nam.Speaking extemporaneously before a subcommittee hearing in joining with the bill for the Congressional Gold Medal, Maureen OHara Blair, Waynes co-star in The Quiet Man, spoke for Wayne He is, believe me, the United States of America. He is a man that has a code of beliefs that he sticks with. He believes in individual responsibility and honor. Said Reagan of Wayne I never saw Duke display hatred toward those who scorned him. Oh, he could use some pretty salty language, and he would not tolerate pettiness and hate.He was human all right he drank enough whiskey to float a PT boat, though he never drank on the job. . . he was virtually always the first to arrive on the set(p) and the last to leave. World War II helped to define what John Wayne stood for. Unable to join the Navy due to an old football injury, his age (34), and being a father of four, Wayne did his part in the war by making movies about Americas fighting men. He appeared minus his horse and six-shooter in memorable films like the Fighting Seabees, Flying Tigers, Reunion in France, They Were Expendable, and Back to Bataan.The 1949 film Sands of invasion of Iwo Jima earned Wayne his first Oscar nomination. These films did not have the nauseating gore and graphic violence of present-day war movies, but they exalted the heroism of ordinary men, and people related to them well. Wayne had made it a point not to accept any role that was un-American or tended to denigrate the United States or the American tradition. At a time when he was nearly bankru pt, Wayne bankrolled, starred in, and directed the epic The Alamo, which had been his dream project of legion(predicate) years.In it, playing the role of Davy Crockett, he described the defenders role as they waited for the approaching battle with Santa Anna in that respects right and in that respects wrong. You got to do one or the other. You do the one and youre living. You do the other and you may be walking around, but youre as dead as a beaver hat. As Crockett, he voiced out the timeless yearning of the Texans for independence It mover people can live free, talk free, go or come, buy or sell, be intoxicated or sober, however they choose. John Wayne did not win on Oscar for The Alamo (except for Best Sound) although it received six nominations, but people came in droves to see the movie. Besides his classic westerns and war pictures, The Alamo is one of his lasting legacies. John Wayne is a good deal equated with conservatism. He was the product of an age when Americans w ere proud of their heritage, conscious of their countrys new role as a world power and sincerely believed in the righteousness of Americas cause.He was natural when Theodore Roosevelt was president, a man who believed in Manifest Destiny and was wont to speak softly, but carry a big stick. Wayne belonged to a generation yet untouched by pangs of national self-doubt, unstricken by remorse over purported wrongs committed by the white man against the natives, the blacks, the Vietnamese, the American young who were being sent to die in remote battlefields. This was the turbulent 60s, an age when young Americans were seduced by flower power, discovered new ideologies, choose a libertarian attitude and opposed any kind of war.In a nation divided by war, John Wayne was seemingly a lonely figure as young Americans felt shame for everything America ever did in the course of her ascent to world dominance. A friend of Senators Barry Goldwater and Joe McCarthy, and former President Ronald Re agan, John Wayne was Republican to the core. Against the weakening of American resolve, John Waynes tenacious adherence to the American tradition of craft and honor could only be seen as naivete sprung from the good guybad guy scenarios in his celluloid world.From the 40s to the 60s, the Left made inroads in school campuses where teach-ins became common, swaying many of the youth to the new ideology, and threatening to undermine the foundations of the countrys democratic system. Due to its potentials for propaganda, the movie industry was targeted and there were rumors that some Hollywood figures had embraced socialism. In 1944, Wayne helped found the Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals, in the company of other giants like Clark Gable, Gary Cooper, Walt Disney, and Robert Taylor.He later became president of the association for two terms. He was stark(a) against the communist threat. He was mistaken for an archconservative and accused of blackballing mo vie personalities who refused to cooperate in Congressional hearings, although he never testified, nor did he blackball anybody (Wayne 55). His being perceived as a staunch anti-communist even gave rise to rumors that the late Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin plotted to have him murdered (Soviet Dictator).

Utilitarianism Theory Essay Example for Free

Utilitarianism Theory EssayUtilitarianism is a clean theory gener every(prenominal)y considered to have been founded by Jeremy Bentham, a 19th century English philosopher and social reformer. It is concern on the concept of mirth, and those who seek it. The persuasion is that all heap seek happiness, and that it is the ultimate goal of all human beings to be happy. Thitherfore, according to classical utilitarianism, when a person wishes to act in an ethically respectable manner he or she should strive to bring ab break the greatest possible amount of happiness for the greatest possible amount of people. This is known as the greatest happiness attitude. Another, similar idea is that a person should always strive, if incapable of producing happiness, to reduce unhappiness. As the theory is wholly focused on the conclusion of a persons actions, it is classed as a consequentialist theory, i.e. a theory that concerns it with consequences and not actions in themselves. Utilitar ianism notify be seen as a highly mathematical theorem, looking at the total units of happiness that a situation action gives wind to.For instance, I might want to go out and have drinks with virtually friends and my boyfriend or I could find something more family oriented and do something fun with my son and my boyfriend. plow that my son is only little for a short time, would I rather have drinks and regret the look over later or sh be a memory with my little boy. Taking my son out for a night might add 10 units of happiness to the worlds total stock, whereas deviation out for drinks would only add a total of 6. Certainly, the latter would make a greater measurement of people happy (the former only benefiting one person), but it is the quantity of happiness produced that is of the first richness to utilitarianists. But let us look more closely at Benthams utilitarianism. To understand his climb up more fully, it is vital that one come to an appreciation of exactly what h e meant by happiness. His ideas here ar, really, quite simple. Bentham thought that we should look at happiness as being based on sport. Naturally, it follows from this that he also felt that we should treat unhappiness as something consisting of pain.This view on happiness has led his particular brand of utilitarianism to be seen as a hedonistic theory. Furthermore, Bentham did not distinguish between different forms of pleasure. To him, anything that gave rise to happiness be it drugs or reading was fundamentally good. Other philosophers have striven to develop Benthamstheories further. mavin of the more notable of these is John Stuart zep, who sought to distinguish between what he termed higher and lower pleasures. loaf disagreed with Benthams all-inclusive view on pleasure, feeling that there was a fundamental difference between the varying forms of pleasure available to people, and that some had a finer quality than others. It was dweeb who put forth the notion that it is bring out to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied. Mills idea was pretty straightforward, namely that while there are many simple, sensual pleasures in life, such as eating or drinking, there are also certain pleasures which are of a more cerebral nature, such as listening to classical music or reading poetry.According to Mill, these latter pleasures are of a greater quality, and should therefore be considered more important. He posited that someone who has experienced both forms of pleasure would naturally feel inclined to choose the higher pleasures. For instance, a man who is familiar with both esthetical food and good poetry would view the latter as something more valuable than the former. This is a fairly straightforward exploration of the most common forms of utilitarianism. The most important thing to remember about these theories is that they are consequentialist and, above all else, that they are concerned with the greater good. Utilitarianists dont care a bout your person-to-person agenda or whether your actions happen to hurt some people. As long as the eventual results of your actions become to more pleasure than pain, youre in the clear.There were a number of things Mill did to change Utilitarianism. Mill said Better to be a human dissatisfied than a pig satisfied better to be a Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied. Mill also linked Utilitarianism with Christian morality. He connected the theory with the teachings of savior. He said that the ideal perfection of utilitarian morality was abiding by the Golden Rule-Do onto others as you have them do to you. This made many more people accept Utilitarianism as it linked with their religion. Rules were introduced into Utilitarianism by Mill. The rules introduced were ones that generally brought about the greatest happiness for the greatest number.For example, Mill argued that society needs the principal of truthfulness as it brings the most happiness on the long run. Utilitari anism is a theory that Christians can relate to. Mill brought it closer to the Christian church by introducing Rule Utilitarianism. This would be closer to the principals Jesus lived by. Forexample, it was against the Jewish law to work on the Sabbath but when people were in need, Jesus bent this rule and healed them. The largest connection Christianity has with Utilitarianism is the death of Jesus. He was crucified and died for the sins of mankind-sacrificing himself for the majority. However, Utilitarianism does accept evil where Christianity most for sure does not.